Screening of prostate Ca is done by
**Core Concept**
Prostate cancer screening is a crucial aspect of early detection and management. It involves the use of various tests to identify individuals with prostate cancer before symptoms develop. The primary goal of screening is to detect cancer at an early stage when it is more treatable.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing are the two primary methods used for prostate cancer screening. DRE involves a healthcare provider inserting a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate gland for any abnormalities. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood, which can be elevated in individuals with prostate cancer. The combination of DRE and PSA testing is often used as a screening tool.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a diagnostic tool used to visualize the prostate gland and guide biopsies, but it is not a screening tool.
**Option B:** Prostate MRI is a diagnostic imaging technique used to evaluate the prostate gland, but it is not typically used for screening.
**Option C:** Prostate biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to obtain tissue samples from the prostate gland, but it is not a screening tool.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential for healthcare providers to discuss the potential benefits and risks of prostate cancer screening with their patients, as the risks associated with screening (e.g., overdiagnosis and overtreatment) must be weighed against the potential benefits of early detection.
**Correct Answer: D. DRE and PSA testing.**