**Question:** Which of the following sequel happens in Schistosomiasis of Bladder?

A. Urethral stricture
B. Hydronephrosis
C. Hematuria
D. Pelvic abscess

**Core Concept:** Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by blood flukes (Schistosoma species) that primarily affects the liver, lungs, and bladder. The infection can lead to inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in various complications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** In Schistosomiasis of the bladder, the most common sequel is **C. Hematuria**, or blood in the urine. This is due to the inflammation and damage caused by the parasites as they migrate through the bladder wall, leading to rupture of blood vessels and bleeding.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Urethral stricture** can occur, but Schistosomiasis is not the primary cause. Urethral stricture development is more likely due to direct trauma or infection.

B. **Hydronephrosis** is a complication of hydronephrosis (fluid accumulation in the renal pelvis due to obstruction) and is less likely in Schistosomiasis of the bladder.

D. **Pelvic abscess** is an uncommon complication of Schistosomiasis, as the primary route of infection is through the skin during skin penetration. Pelvic abscess is more commonly associated with perianal Schistosomiasis or direct spread from adjacent organs.

**Clinical Pearl:** Schistosomiasis is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated water, particularly in endemic areas like Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. Infection prevention includes avoiding exposure to contaminated water and practicing proper hygiene. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe complications.

**Correct Answer:** C. Hematuria

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**Core Concept:** Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma species affecting various organs including the bladder.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Schistosomiasis can lead to bladder inflammation and damage, causing rupture of blood vessels and bleeding, resulting in hematuria (blood in urine). The other options (urethral stricture, hydronephrosis, and pelvic abscess) are less common complications of bladder Schistosomiasis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Urethral stricture**: In Schistosomiasis, urethral stricture is less common as the primary route of infection is through skin penetration during contact with contaminated water.

B. **Hydronephrosis**: This complication is more commonly associated with perianal Schistosomiasis or direct spread from adjacent organs. In bladder Schistosomiasis, this outcome is less likely.

D. **Pelvic abscess**: Pelvic abscess is a less frequent complication of bladder Schistosomiasis, as the infection primarily affects the bladder. Direct spread from adjacent organs or perianal Schistosomiasis is more likely to cause abscess formation.

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