SA node is supplied by
**Core Concept**
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the natural pacemaker of the heart, responsible for initiating the heartbeat. It is a specialized group of cells located in the upper part of the right atrium, near the junction with the superior vena cava. The SA node requires a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The SA node is supplied by the right coronary artery (RCA) in approximately 60% of the population, whereas in the remaining 40%, it is supplied by the left circumflex artery (LCx). The RCA is a branch of the aortic sinus of the aorta, and it typically arises from the anterior (front) part of the aortic root. The RCA then descends along the anterior (front) surface of the heart, giving off several branches that supply the right atrium, right ventricle, and the SA node. The LCx, on the other hand, is a branch of the left coronary artery (LCA), which arises from the left aortic sinus of the aorta. The LCx descends along the posterior (back) surface of the heart, giving off several branches that supply the left atrium, left ventricle, and the SA node in individuals where it is the dominant supplier.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is likely incomplete or missing, so we cannot evaluate its correctness.
* **Option B:** This option is not a recognized supplier of the SA node.
* **Option C:** This option is not a recognized supplier of the SA node.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In individuals with a left dominant coronary circulation, the SA node is more likely to be supplied by the left circumflex artery. This knowledge is essential for understanding the potential risks and consequences of coronary artery disease and the importance of accurate coronary anatomy in cardiac surgery and interventional procedures.
**Correct Answer: C. Left circumflex artery.**