‘Row of tombstones’ appearance is seen in:
**Core Concept**
The 'row of tombstones' appearance is a radiological finding associated with a specific pathological condition. This appearance is characteristic of a particular type of bone lesion. The underlying principle being tested is the ability to identify and correlate radiological findings with specific bone pathologies.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The 'row of tombstones' appearance is typically seen in a condition called **hyperparathyroidism**, where there is an overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to bone resorption. This results in the formation of characteristic bone lesions that appear as a 'row of tombstones' on radiographs, due to the resorption of bone between the trabeculae.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because it is not typically associated with this radiological finding.
**Option B:** Incorrect as it does not characteristically produce a 'row of tombstones' appearance.
**Option D:** Incorrect because it is not related to the specific radiological finding described.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The 'row of tombstones' appearance is a classic radiological finding that should prompt consideration of **hyperparathyroidism** or other conditions leading to bone resorption. Recognizing this pattern is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
**Correct Answer:** D. Hyperparathyroidism.