**Core Concept**
Retrolental fibroplasia, also known as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely-born babies generally having birth weight of less than 1250 grams. This condition is characterized by abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina, leading to scarring and retinal detachment.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The pathogenesis of ROP involves the immaturity of the retina's blood vessels, which are unable to develop properly in response to the high oxygen levels provided by supplemental oxygen therapy. This leads to the formation of abnormal, fragile blood vessels that can easily break, causing hemorrhage and retinal scarring. The exact mechanism involves the imbalance between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which regulates angiogenesis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not related to the pathogenesis of ROP.
**Option B:** This is incorrect because while oxygen therapy is a contributing factor, it is not the primary cause of ROP.
**Option C:** This is incorrect because while genetic factors may play a role in some cases, they are not the primary cause of ROP.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
ROP is a leading cause of childhood blindness in developed countries, and its incidence is directly related to the degree of prematurity. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing vision loss in affected infants.

**Correct Answer:** C.