**Core Concept**
Hereditary retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that develops in early childhood. It is caused by mutations in a specific gene located on a particular chromosome. This genetic abnormality leads to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the RB1 gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in the RB1 gene lead to the loss of its function, resulting in uncontrolled cell division and tumor growth. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q14). The RB1 gene plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle and preventing cancer. When this gene is mutated, it can no longer perform its function, leading to the development of retinoblastoma.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because the correct chromosome is 13, not 3.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because the correct gene is RB1, not TP53.
* **Option D:** This option is incorrect because the correct location is 13q14, not 17p13.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that hereditary retinoblastoma is associated with a specific genetic mutation, and patients with a family history of the disease should be screened for this mutation.

**Correct Answer:** C. 13.