**Core Concept**
The question is testing the underlying physiological principle of pubertal growth in females, specifically the role of hormones in regulating this process. Pubertal growth in females is characterized by the acceleration of growth velocity, breast development, and thelarche, ultimately leading to menarche.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **Estrogen**. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the regulation of pubertal growth in females by stimulating the growth of breast tissue, thelarche, and axillary and pubic hair. Estrogen also promotes the growth of long bones by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plates. This results in an increase in growth velocity, leading to the characteristic pubertal growth spurt. The increase in estrogen levels is primarily due to the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to the increased production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** **Thyroid Hormone** - While thyroid hormone is essential for growth and development, it is not directly responsible for the pubertal growth spurt in females. Thyroid hormone primarily regulates the growth of bones and the development of the nervous system.
**Option B:** **Growth Hormone** - Growth hormone is essential for growth and development, but it is not the primary hormone responsible for the pubertal growth spurt in females. Growth hormone stimulates the growth of long bones by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plates.
**Option C:** **Adrenal Androgens** - Adrenal androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), are produced by the adrenal glands and contribute to the development of pubic and axillary hair. However, they are not directly responsible for the pubertal growth spurt in females.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that the pubertal growth spurt in females is primarily driven by the increase in estrogen levels, which stimulates the growth of breast tissue, thelarche, and long bones. This increase in estrogen levels is primarily due to the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

**Correct Answer: D. Estrogen**