Acid Citrate Dextrose(ACD), used to store blood, preserves the RBC for a period of 21 days. The storage period when adding phopshate alone and when adding adenine and phosphate together to ACD would respectively be?
**Core Concept**
The storage of blood in Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution is crucial for maintaining the viability of red blood cells (RBCs). The addition of various components to ACD can influence the storage duration of RBCs. This question requires an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in RBC storage.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The addition of phosphate alone to ACD can extend the storage period of RBCs up to 28 days by maintaining the ATP levels through glycolysis. Adenine is another component that can be added to ACD to increase the storage period by providing a precursor for ATP synthesis. When adenine and phosphate are added together to ACD, it can further extend the storage period up to 35 days. This is because adenine can be converted into AMP, which is then converted into ATP, thereby maintaining the ATP levels in RBCs. The combination of adenine and phosphate can provide a more sustained ATP production, leading to a longer storage period.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because adding phosphate alone to ACD would not extend the storage period beyond 28 days.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because adding adenine alone to ACD would not extend the storage period beyond 28 days.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When storing blood in ACD, the addition of phosphate and adenine can significantly extend the storage period, allowing for a longer shelf life and improved availability of blood for transfusions.
**Correct Answer: B. 28 days when adding phosphate alone and 35 days when adding adenine and phosphate together to ACD.**