**Core Concept**
Oogenesis is the process of female gamete maturation, which involves the transformation of oogonia into mature ova. The process can be divided into three stages: oogonia, primary oocyte, and secondary oocyte. Meiosis I in oogenesis is a critical step where DNA replication occurs to form primary oocytes.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
During fetal development, oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form primary oocytes. This occurs between the 16th and 20th weeks of gestation. The primary oocytes then arrest in prophase I and remain in this stage until puberty. The process of oogenesis resumes during puberty, and the primary oocytes continue to mature into secondary oocytes, which then undergo the second meiotic division to form the mature ovum. The Sertoli cells play a crucial role in this process by providing the necessary support and nutrients to the developing oocytes.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form primary oocytes during fetal development, not during puberty or menopause.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form primary oocytes before puberty, not during the menstrual cycle.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the oogonia enter meiosis I and undergo DNA replication to form primary oocytes during fetal development, not during menopause.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that the primary oocytes arrest in prophase I and remain in this stage until puberty, when the process of oogenesis resumes. This is a critical aspect of female reproductive physiology and is essential for understanding the menstrual cycle and fertility.

**Correct Answer: C. During fetal development, between the 16th and 20th weeks of gestation.**