Cause for renal vein thrombosis could be -a) Membranous nephropathyb) Lupus nephritisc) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritisd) Post streptococcal glomerulonephritise) Renal amyloidosis
**Core Concept**
Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a rare condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot in the veins that drain blood from the kidneys. This condition can be caused by various factors, including hypercoagulable states, dehydration, and certain underlying kidney diseases.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is B) Lupus nephritis. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys. Lupus nephritis is a common complication of SLE, characterized by inflammation of the kidney glomeruli. Hypercoagulability is a known complication of lupus nephritis, which increases the risk of developing RVT. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to the production of antiphospholipid antibodies, which can promote blood clotting.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Membranous nephropathy is a type of kidney disease characterized by the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. While it can lead to kidney failure, it is not typically associated with RVT.
* **Option C:** Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is another type of kidney disease characterized by the proliferation of cells in the glomeruli. It can lead to kidney failure, but it is not typically associated with RVT.
* **Option D:** Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease caused by an immune response to streptococcal infection. It typically resolves on its own without complications like RVT.
* **Option E:** Renal amyloidosis is a type of kidney disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins in the kidneys. While it can lead to kidney failure, it is not typically associated with RVT.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Lupus nephritis is a common cause of RVT, and patients with SLE should be monitored closely for signs of hypercoagulability. Antiphospholipid antibodies are a known risk factor for RVT in these patients.
**Correct Answer: B. Lupus nephritis**