**Core Concept**
Rabies is a viral disease caused by the rabies virus, which affects the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, including humans. The virus is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, typically through a bite.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The rabies virus enters the body through the bite wound and travels up the nerve fibers to the CNS, where it replicates and causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. The virus targets the neurons of the CNS, including the motor neurons, which control voluntary movements. The characteristic symptoms of rabies, such as hydrophobia and aggression, are caused by the inflammation of the brain and the resulting damage to the neurons.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the pathogenesis of rabies. While the virus does cause inflammation of the CNS, it does not directly cause the symptoms of the disease.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not a true statement about rabies. The rabies virus is not transmitted through the air or through casual contact with an infected animal.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a characteristic symptom of rabies. While infected animals may exhibit changes in behavior, such as aggression or fear, these symptoms are not unique to rabies.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The incubation period of rabies can range from a few days to several months or even years, depending on the severity of the bite wound and the distance of the bite from the CNS.

**Correct Answer: C. The virus causes inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, leading to the characteristic symptoms of rabies.**