## **Core Concept**
The prevention of parent-to-child transmission (PPTCT) of HIV involves a series of interventions aimed at reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The interventions include antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women, safe delivery practices, and post-exposure prophylaxis for the newborn.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **Option C: Nevirapine**, is a part of the recommended regimen by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is given as a single dose to the mother at the onset of labor and a single dose to the newborn within 72 hours of birth. This regimen has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is incorrect because, although antiretroviral drugs are crucial, the specific recommendation for PPTCT by NACO involves a more detailed regimen that includes Nevirapine.
- **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify the drug or regimen recommended by NACO for PPTCT.
- **Option D:** This option is incorrect because, while ART is essential for managing HIV infection in pregnant women, the specific recommendation for PPTCT involves a simpler regimen like Nevirapine.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the single-dose Nevirapine regimen is a critical component of PPTCT strategies, especially in resource-limited settings. It's also important to note that current guidelines may evolve towards more comprehensive ART regimens for pregnant women, but Nevirapine remains a cornerstone in PPTCT.

## **Correct Answer:** C. Nevirapine.

✓ Correct Answer: C. Niverapine 200 mg in active about to mother and syrup niverapine 2 mg/kg body weight to newborn with 72 hours of delivery