Rapid infusion of insulin causes-
**Core Concept**
Rapid infusion of insulin leads to a condition known as hypoglycemia, which is characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels. This occurs due to the excessive suppression of hepatic glucose production and increased glucose uptake by cells. The body's inability to compensate for the rapid drop in blood glucose levels results in hypoglycemia.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
During rapid insulin infusion, the insulin receptors on the surface of cells are activated, leading to the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. This increases the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue. The liver's glucose production is also suppressed through the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase and the activation of glycogen synthase. As a result, blood glucose levels drop precipitously, leading to hypoglycemia.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the primary effect of rapid insulin infusion. While insulin does have a role in lipid metabolism, its rapid infusion primarily affects glucose homeostasis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is too vague and does not specifically address the effects of rapid insulin infusion. Hypoglycemia is a known consequence, but the underlying mechanisms are not described.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is unrelated to the effects of insulin infusion. The liver's response to insulin is a critical component of glucose homeostasis, but this option does not accurately describe the primary effect of rapid insulin infusion.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In clinical practice, it is essential to monitor blood glucose levels closely during rapid insulin infusions to prevent hypoglycemia. This can be achieved by adjusting the infusion rate, using glucose monitoring devices, and administering glucose or dextrose as needed.
**Correct Answer: C. Hypoglycemia.**