**Core Concept**
Radiation-induced cancer is a type of malignancy that develops as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to the formation of ions and free radicals, which can damage the DNA and increase the risk of cancer.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Leukemias, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), are among the most common radiation-induced cancers. This is because the bone marrow is highly susceptible to radiation damage, which can lead to genetic mutations and clonal expansions of malignant cells. The exact mechanism involves the induction of chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations, deletions, and mutations, which can activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because, while radiation can cause cancer, it is not the most common type of radiation-induced cancer. Other options, such as thyroid cancer and osteosarcoma, are also possible, but not as prevalent as leukemia.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because, while radiation can cause genetic mutations, it is not the primary mechanism by which radiation-induced cancer develops. Other factors, such as environmental and lifestyle exposures, also play a role.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because, while radiation can cause cancer, it is not the most common type of radiation-induced cancer. Other options, such as lymphoma and sarcoma, are also possible, but not as prevalent as leukemia.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Radiation-induced cancer can occur many years after exposure, with a latency period of up to 20-30 years. This is why it is essential to monitor individuals who have received high doses of radiation, such as patients who have undergone radiation therapy or nuclear workers.

**Correct Answer: C. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)**