**Core Concept**
The question is testing the student's knowledge of neurological disorders, specifically those that cause acute onset descending paralysis. The underlying principle being tested is the ability to diagnose and differentiate between various neurological conditions based on clinical presentation.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The clinical presentation of acute onset descending paralysis, quadriparesis, areflexia, and non-reactive pupils suggests a diagnosis of **Botulism**. This condition is caused by the toxin produced by **Clostridium botulinum**, which inhibits the release of **acetylcholine** at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because the presentation does not match that of **Guillain-Barré Syndrome**, which typically starts with ascending paralysis.
**Option B:** Incorrect because **Myasthenia Gravis** typically presents with fluctuating muscle weakness and does not cause non-reactive pupils.
**Option C:** Incorrect because **Poliomyelitis** typically presents with asymmetric paralysis and does not cause non-reactive pupils.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Botulism is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The classic triad of botulism includes **descending paralysis**, **diplopia**, and **dysphagia**.

**Correct Answer:** D. Botulism.