**Core Concept**
Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays a significant role in various bodily functions, including neurotransmitter synthesis and brain function. Hypervitaminosis of pyridoxine refers to an excessive intake of this vitamin, which can lead to adverse health effects.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Pyridoxine hypervitaminosis causes a peripheral neuropathy that is characterized by the degeneration of the dorsal columns and the peripheral nerves. This condition is also known as subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord. The mechanism behind this is the excessive accumulation of pyridoxine in the spinal cord, which disrupts the normal functioning of the myelin sheath and leads to demyelination. The damage to the peripheral nerves results in symptoms such as numbness, weakness, and sensory loss in the limbs.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because pyridoxine hypervitaminosis does not primarily affect the central nervous system. While there may be some central nervous system involvement, the peripheral nerves are more significantly affected.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because pyridoxine hypervitaminosis does not primarily cause anemia. While there may be some hematological effects, the primary concern is the peripheral neuropathy.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because pyridoxine hypervitaminosis does not primarily cause an increased risk of infection. While there may be some immunological effects, the primary concern is the peripheral neuropathy.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
One important clinical correlation to remember is that pyridoxine hypervitaminosis can be caused by taking high doses of vitamin B6 supplements, particularly in individuals with renal failure or those who are malnourished. This highlights the importance of monitoring vitamin levels in patients with these conditions.

**Correct Answer: C. Peripheral neuropathy**