**Core Concept**
In forensic medicine, putrefaction is the breakdown of body tissues after death, typically due to the actions of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The putrefaction process involves the enzymatic degradation of proteins, fats, and other macromolecules, resulting in the characteristic signs of decomposition.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Carbolic acid, also known as phenol, is a potent antimicrobial agent that can delay putrefaction by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms responsible for decomposition. When applied to the body, carbolic acid disrupts the bacterial flora, reducing the rate of enzymatic degradation and thereby slowing down the putrefaction process. This is particularly useful in forensic medicine, where the preservation of evidence is crucial.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection. While peritonitis can lead to tissue damage and potentially affect the putrefaction process, it does not directly delay it.
**Option B:** Ansarca is a condition characterized by generalized edema, or swelling, of the body. While edema can affect the appearance of the body after death, it does not have a direct impact on the putrefaction process.
**Option D:** Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a severe infection that leads to widespread inflammation and organ dysfunction. While sepsis can affect the body's ability to respond to infection, it does not directly delay putrefaction.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In forensic medicine, the use of carbolic acid to delay putrefaction is a classic example of "post-mortem preservation." This technique involves applying antimicrobial agents to the body to slow down decomposition, allowing for a more detailed examination of the evidence.

✓ Correct Answer: C. Carbolic acid