**Core Concept**
Scorpion envenoming can lead to severe systemic effects, including hypertension and pulmonary edema, due to the release of venom components that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to catecholamine release and subsequent cardiovascular collapse.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The management of hypertension and pulmonary edema associated with scorpion sting involves the use of beta-blockers, such as propranolol, to counteract the excessive sympathetic activity. Beta-blockers inhibit the action of catecholamines on beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby reducing heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. This is particularly effective in the management of scorpion envenoming, where the venom stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to excessive catecholamine release.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because morphine is not indicated in the management of scorpion envenoming, as it can worsen respiratory depression and cardiovascular collapse.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because nitrates are not effective in managing hypertension caused by scorpion envenoming, as they can further decrease cardiac output and worsen hypotension.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because diuretics are not indicated in the management of pulmonary edema caused by scorpion envenoming, as they can worsen hypovolemia and decrease cardiac output.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Scorpion envenoming can lead to severe cardiovascular complications, including hypertension, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Early administration of beta-blockers, such as propranolol, can significantly improve outcomes in these patients.
**Correct Answer:** D. Propranolol
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