**Core Concept**
The termination of protein synthesis is a crucial step in the translation process, involving the release of the completed polypeptide chain from the ribosome. This process is mediated by specific proteins and ribosomal components.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The termination of protein synthesis involves the recognition of stop codons by release factors, which then trigger the hydrolysis of the ester bond between the completed polypeptide chain and the tRNA. This process is facilitated by the release factors, eRF1 and eRF3, which are specific to eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotic cells, the termination is mediated by release factor RF-1 and RF-2. The ribosome then dissociates from the completed polypeptide chain, releasing it into the cytosol.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a termination protein or factor.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe a termination protein or factor.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe a termination protein or factor.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
One key fact to remember is that the termination of protein synthesis is a highly regulated process, involving specific release factors and ribosomal components. This process ensures that the completed polypeptide chain is released accurately and efficiently, allowing it to fold into its native conformation and perform its biological function.

**Correct Answer: D.**