Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (AML-M3) includes which of the following subtypes –
## **Core Concept**
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), also known as AML-M3, is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the abnormal accumulation of immature granulocytes called promyelocytes. It is associated with a specific chromosomal translocation, t(15;17), which leads to the formation of the PML-RARA fusion gene. This genetic abnormality plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of APL.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, , refers to the classification of AML-M3, which is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation and the PML-RARA fusion gene. This subtype of AML is distinct due to its responsiveness to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide therapy, which target the PML-RARA fusion protein. The t(15;17) translocation is a hallmark of APL and is used as a diagnostic criterion.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the specific genetic or molecular characteristics of AML-M3.
- **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not correspond to the recognized subtypes or characteristics of AML-M3.
- **Option D:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the specific features or classifications of AML-M3.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl for AML-M3 (APL) is that it is highly responsive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, which differentiate it from other forms of AML. The presence of the t(15;17) translocation and the PML-RARA fusion gene is diagnostic and a target for therapy. APL is also known for its high risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is a life-threatening complication.
## **Correct Answer:** .