**Core Concept**
Proliferative glomerular deposits are characteristic of a specific type of glomerulonephritis, which is an inflammatory disease of the kidney's glomeruli. This condition involves the deposition of immune complexes, leading to complement activation and subsequent glomerular damage.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli, which triggers an inflammatory response. This process involves the activation of the classical pathway of the complement system, leading to the formation of C3 convertase and the subsequent breakdown of the glomerular basement membrane. The glomerular injury results in the proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells, which is a hallmark of the condition.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is associated with a different type of glomerulonephritis that involves the deposition of fibrin and other proteins in the glomeruli, rather than immune complexes.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is associated with a condition that primarily affects the tubules and interstitium of the kidney, rather than the glomeruli.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is associated with a condition that involves the deposition of amyloid in the glomeruli, rather than immune complexes.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The presence of proliferative glomerular deposits is a key feature of IgA nephropathy, a common cause of kidney disease worldwide. This condition is often associated with recurrent episodes of gross hematuria following upper respiratory tract infections.

**Correct Answer: D. IgA nephropathy**