**Core Concept**
The question tests the understanding of confidence intervals and their application in epidemiology, specifically in estimating the prevalence of infections like **Candida glabrata**. Confidence intervals provide a range of values within which a population parameter is likely to lie. In this context, it involves calculating the **confidence interval** for a proportion, which is the prevalence of **Candida glabrata** infection.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
To calculate the confidence interval for a proportion, we use the formula: CI = p Β± (Z * β(p(1-p)/n)), where p is the sample proportion, Z is the Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level, and n is the sample size. For a 95% confidence level, the Z-score is approximately 1.96. Given that the prevalence (p) is 80% or 0.8, and the sample size (n) is 100, we can calculate the confidence interval. The formula gives us CI = 0.8 Β± (1.96 * β(0.8*0.2/100)), which simplifies to CI = 0.8 Β± 0.078, resulting in a range of approximately 0.722 to 0.878.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect the calculated confidence interval based on the given formula and parameters.
**Option B:** Similarly, this option does not match the confidence interval calculated using the provided prevalence and sample size.
**Option C:** This option is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the calculated range for the 95% confidence interval of the **Candida glabrata** infection prevalence.
**Option D:** This is the correct answer as explained, but let's focus on why the others are incorrect. Given the nature of the question, without the exact calculations provided for each option, we know that only one can be correct based on the formula for confidence intervals.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the width of the confidence interval decreases as the sample size increases, providing a more precise estimate of the population parameter. In clinical practice, understanding confidence intervals is crucial for interpreting diagnostic test results and epidemiological studies, such as those involving **fungal infections**.
**Correct Answer:** Correct Answer: D. 72% - 88%
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