Universal (standard) precautions to be observed by surgeons for the prevention of hospital acquire HIV infection include the following except-
**Core Concept**: Universal precautions are a set of safety measures implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV, in healthcare settings. These precautions ensure that healthcare professionals do not become infected with bloodborne diseases while providing care to patients.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Option D (use of airborne precautions) is not part of universal precautions as these focus on transmission via blood, body fluids, tissues, and organs. Airborne precautions, on the other hand, are used for infections that can be transmitted through respiratory secretions.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. **Option A (Use of protective eyewear):** Although protective eyewear is important in preventing ocular infections, it is not specifically mentioned in universal precautions as they mainly focus on bloodborne pathogens.
B. **Option B (Use of airborne precautions):** As mentioned above, airborne precautions are used for infections that can be transmitted through respiratory secretions. They are not part of universal precautions for bloodborne pathogens.
C. **Option C (Use of gloves):** Gloves are crucial in preventing contact with bodily fluids and thus reducing the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. However, it is not specific to universal precautions and is included in a broader set of infection control measures.
**Clinical Pearl:** The correct answer (D) demonstrates the distinction between universal precautions, which primarily focus on bloodborne pathogens, and the broader concept of infection control measures that encompass airborne precautions as well. This distinction is important for healthcare professionals to ensure they implement the appropriate measures to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission while providing care to patients.
**Correct Answer:** B. Use of gloves