“Potter’s syndrome” is associated with:
**Core Concept**
Potter's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by bilateral renal agenesis (absence of kidneys) or severe renal dysplasia, leading to oligohydramnios (reduced amniotic fluid) due to decreased fetal urine production.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The absence of fetal urine, a primary contributor to amniotic fluid volume, results in a decrease in amniotic fluid levels. This, in turn, causes the uterus to be smaller than expected for the gestational age, and the fetus is often positioned in a breech or transverse lie due to the decreased amniotic fluid volume. The fetal skin may also be thickened, and the lungs are often hypoplastic (underdeveloped) due to the decreased space for lung expansion.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting females, characterized by the absence of one X chromosome, and is not directly related to Potter's syndrome.
**Option B:** Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 and is not associated with Potter's syndrome.
**Option C:** Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 18 and is not directly related to Potter's syndrome.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Potter's syndrome is often associated with other congenital anomalies, such as heart defects, cleft palate, and skeletal abnormalities, highlighting the importance of a thorough prenatal ultrasound evaluation.
**Correct Answer:** D. Bilateral renal agenesis