True about posttraumatic stress disorder -a) Recall of traumatic eventsb) Associated with major trauma like pelvic fracturec) Treatment is ECTd) Disturbed sleep

## **Core Concept**
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. The condition can significantly impair daily functioning.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves understanding the core symptoms and associations of PTSD. Recall of traumatic events (a) and disturbed sleep (d) are indeed characteristic symptoms of PTSD. PTSD is associated with major trauma, which can include physical injuries like a pelvic fracture (b), making option b a correct statement regarding the condition's etiology.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option C:** ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) is not a first-line treatment for PTSD. While it may be used in certain severe cases of depression or other psychiatric conditions, the primary treatments for PTSD include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly trauma-focused CBT, and pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl for PTSD is that it can develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, and it is not limited to physical trauma but can also result from emotional or psychological trauma. Early intervention and specific psychotherapies like CBT can significantly improve outcomes.

## **Correct Answer:** D. a, b, d.