Post-infective glomerulonephritis present as:
**Core Concept**
Post-infective glomerulonephritis, also known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), is an immune-mediated disease that occurs following a streptococcal infection. It is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing streptococcal antigens and antibodies in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and damage.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the clinical presentation of PSGN, which typically occurs 1-3 weeks after the initial streptococcal infection. The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. The hematuria is often gross and may be accompanied by red blood cell casts. The kidney injury is usually self-limiting, with most patients recovering within 8-12 weeks.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** While PSGN can present with renal failure, it is not the most common presentation.
* **Option B:** PSGN is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia.
* **Option C:** PSGN is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease, which is a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
PSGN is often preceded by a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat or skin infection, and can be diagnosed by detecting anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibodies or streptococcal DNA in the urine.
**Correct Answer: C. Hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension.**