If mother is HBsAg positive then newborn should be given __________
**Core Concept**
The newborn of a mother with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity is at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection through vertical transmission during delivery. This highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures to reduce this risk.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct approach is to administer hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and initiate hepatitis B vaccination series to the newborn within 12 hours of birth. HBIG provides immediate, short-term protection against HBV infection, while the vaccination series helps develop long-term immunity. This combination of HBIG and vaccination significantly reduces the risk of HBV transmission from the mother to the newborn.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option does not specify the administration of HBIG, which is crucial for immediate protection against HBV infection.
**Option B:** Administering only the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine without HBIG may not provide adequate protection against HBV infection in the short term.
**Option C:** Delaying the administration of HBIG and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine beyond 12 hours of birth increases the risk of HBV transmission to the newborn.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The combination of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccination series within 12 hours of birth is a critical preventive measure for reducing the risk of HBV transmission from an HBsAg-positive mother to her newborn.
**Correct Answer:** B. Administer HBIG and initiate hepatitis B vaccination series.