**Question:** In a certain population, there were 4050 births in the last one year. There were 50 still births, 50 infants died within 7 days, whereas 150 died within the first 28 days. What is the neonatal mortality rate?

**Core Concept:** Neonatal mortality rate is the number of deaths during the neonatal period (first 28 days of life) divided by the number of births in the same period.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**

The correct answer is **C. Neonatal Mortality Rate = (Number of deaths within 28 days / Number of live births) x 100**

In this scenario, there were 150 deaths within the first 28 days and 4050 live births. We can calculate the neonatal mortality rate as follows:

1. Neonatal Mortality Rate = (150 deaths / 4050 live births) x 100
2. Neonatal Mortality Rate = (0.0372) x 100
3. Neonatal Mortality Rate = 3.72%

The given options are incorrect because they do not follow the correct formula for calculating neonatal mortality rate.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. This option does not consider the number of live births, which is crucial for calculating the neonatal mortality rate.
B. This option involves dividing by the number of stillbirths instead of live births, which leads to an incorrect calculation.
D. This option incorrectly calculates the neonatal mortality rate by dividing the number of deaths by the total number of births, including stillbirths.

**Clinical Pearl:**

The neonatal mortality rate is an important indicator of a healthcare system's ability to provide optimal care for newborns. A lower neonatal mortality rate indicates better neonatal healthcare practices.

In this question, the neonatal mortality rate is 3.72%, which means that for every 100 live births, 3.72 babies die within the first 28 days of life. This rate can help healthcare providers evaluate and improve their neonatal care services.