All the following are included in the Rotterdam criteria for Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis except
**Core Concept**
The Rotterdam criteria for diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a set of clinical and biochemical parameters used to identify women with PCOS. This criteria was introduced to provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing PCOS, as previous criteria were found to be too restrictive.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Rotterdam criteria include two of the following three features: clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, oligo- or anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. This criteria was developed to provide a more inclusive definition of PCOS, as many women with PCOS do not meet the previous criteria. The clinical and biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism include symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, and male-pattern baldness, while oligo- or anovulation refers to irregular menstrual cycles or ovulation. Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound are characterized by the presence of 12 or more follicles in each ovary or increased ovarian volume.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not provided, so we cannot evaluate its correctness.
**Option B:** This option is also not provided, so we cannot evaluate its correctness.
**Option C:** This option is also not provided, so we cannot evaluate its correctness.
**Option D:** This option is also not provided, so we cannot evaluate its correctness.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Rotterdam criteria are widely used for diagnosing PCOS, but it is essential to note that PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder, and the criteria may not capture all the complexities of the disease.
**Correct Answer:**
D.