Poland, syndrome all of the following are seen except-
**Core Concept**
Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a combination of unilateral chest wall deformities, often associated with abnormalities in the arm, hand, or other body systems. It is a congenital anomaly resulting from the failure of the left or right side of the diaphragm to develop properly during fetal development.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Poland syndrome typically presents with unilateral pectoral muscle hypoplasia or absence, often accompanied by a variety of associated anomalies, including webbed fingers or toes, short fourth metacarpal, and rib deformities. The condition is usually sporadic, but familial cases have been reported. The underlying pathophysiology is thought to involve an aberration in the development of the left or right side of the diaphragm, which can lead to a range of associated anomalies.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is a common feature of Poland syndrome, where there is a notable absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle on the affected side.
**Option B:** Short fourth metacarpal is a frequent finding in Poland syndrome, often seen in conjunction with other skeletal anomalies.
**Option C:** This is another characteristic feature of Poland syndrome, often seen in combination with other upper limb anomalies.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that Poland syndrome can present with a range of symptoms and signs, and a thorough physical examination and imaging studies are often necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
**Correct Answer: D.**