All are seen in morphine poisoning except:
**Core Concept**
Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that can cause several systemic effects, including respiratory depression, miosis (pupillary constriction), and alterations in blood pressure.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Morphine exerts its effects by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Stimulation of these receptors leads to a decrease in the respiratory rate and depth, resulting in respiratory depression (Option D). Additionally, morphine can cause miosis due to the stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which controls the parasympathetic innervation of the iris, leading to pinpoint pupils (Option B). However, morphine typically causes hypotension (decreased blood pressure) due to its vasodilatory effects and stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, rather than hypertension (Option C).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Cyanosis is not typically seen in morphine poisoning. Instead, patients may exhibit signs of opioid-induced sedation, such as somnolence and respiratory depression.
**Option B:** Pinpoint pupil is a characteristic feature of opioid poisoning, including morphine.
**Option D:** Respiratory depression is a well-known and potentially life-threatening effect of morphine overdose.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that opioid overdose can cause a range of systemic effects, including respiratory depression, miosis, and hypotension. The presence of pinpoint pupils and altered mental status in a patient with suspected opioid overdose should prompt immediate action to secure the airway and administer naloxone.
β Correct Answer: C. Hypeension