**Core Concept**
Abruptio placentae, also known as placental abruption, is a condition where the placenta separates from the uterus prematurely, leading to fetal distress or even stillbirth. This condition is often associated with maternal hypertension, trauma, and smoking.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Alcoholics are less likely to experience abruptio placentae. This is because alcohol consumption is not directly linked to the pathophysiology of placental abruption. In contrast, smoking and hypertension are well-established risk factors for abruptio placentae. Smoking causes vasoconstriction, which leads to decreased placental blood flow and oxygenation, increasing the risk of placental abruption. Hypertension can cause damage to the uterine vessels, leading to placental separation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Smokers are actually at an increased risk of abruptio placentae due to the vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine.
**Option C:** PET (Placenta Previa) is a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, but it is not directly associated with abruptio placentae. However, women with placenta previa are at increased risk of other complications, such as postpartum hemorrhage.
**Option D:** Folic acid deficiency can increase the risk of abruptio placentae, as well as other pregnancy complications.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A mnemonic to remember the risk factors for abruptio placentae is "S.H.A.M.E." - Smoking, Hypertension, Alcohol (excessive), Multiple Pregnancy, and Emotional Stress.
**β Correct Answer: B. Alcoholics**
Free Medical MCQs Β· NEET PG Β· USMLE Β· AIIMS
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