A boy presented with hypeension is found to have pheochromocytoma. All of the following are true about pheochromocytoma, EXCEPT:
**Core Concept**
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes excess catecholamines, leading to hypertension, tachycardia, and other systemic symptoms. The tumor's catecholamine production disrupts normal sympathetic and parasympathetic balance.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Pheochromocytomas are typically benign but can be malignant in some cases. They are usually solitary but can be part of a hereditary syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2. The hallmark of pheochromocytoma is episodic hypertension due to excess catecholamine release, which stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors and causes vasoconstriction.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Pheochromocytomas typically arise from the adrenal medulla. This statement is true, making it the correct answer. (Skip this one)
**Option B:** Pheochromocytomas can be part of a hereditary syndrome. This statement is true, as they are often associated with MEN type 2, von Hippel-Lindau disease, or familial paraganglioma.
**Option C:** Pheochromocytomas are usually solitary. This statement is true, as most pheochromocytomas are solitary tumors. However, they can be part of a syndrome with multiple tumors.
**Option D:** The hallmark of pheochromocytoma is episodic hypertension. This statement is true, as the episodic release of catecholamines leads to hypertension, tachycardia, and other symptoms.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When managing a patient with pheochromocytoma, it's essential to control blood pressure with alpha-blockers before tumor resection, as uncontrolled hypertension can lead to cardiac complications.
**Correct Answer: A.**