Lower border of pharynx is at the level of (Extent of pharynx is upto) ?

## **Core Concept**
The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus. It serves as a common passageway for both food and air. The inferior boundary of the pharynx is an important anatomical landmark.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The pharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the level of the cricoid cartilage, which is a significant landmark. Specifically, the lower border of the pharynx is at the level of the **cricoid cartilage**. This is where the pharynx transitions into the esophagus. The cricoid cartilage is the lowest part of the larynx and serves as a key reference point for the inferior limit of the pharynx.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the anatomical level of the lower border of the pharynx.
- **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify the correct level related to the pharynx's lower border.
- **Option D:** This option is incorrect because it does not correspond with the correct anatomical landmark for the lower border of the pharynx.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the pharynx is divided into three main parts: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The **laryngopharynx**, also known as the hypopharynx, extends from the level of the hyoid bone down to the cricoid cartilage, making the cricoid cartilage a crucial landmark for the lower border of the pharynx.

## **Correct Answer:** C. cricoid cartilage.