**Core Concept**
Phagocytosis in nervous tissue refers to the process by which cells of the immune system, specifically microglia, engulf and digest foreign particles, cellular debris, or pathogens within the central nervous system (CNS). This process is crucial for maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of the CNS.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is microglia. Microglia are a type of glial cell located throughout the CNS, and they play a key role in the immune surveillance of the brain and spinal cord. When activated, microglia undergo a process called morphological transformation, where they extend their processes and become ramified, allowing them to survey their surroundings and respond to pathogens or injury. Upon detecting foreign particles or pathogens, microglia can phagocytose them, thereby removing them from the CNS and preventing inflammation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the innate immune response, particularly in the defense against bacterial infections. However, they are not typically found in the CNS and are not responsible for phagocytosis in nervous tissue.

**Option B:** Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that provide support and maintenance functions for neurons, including the regulation of the extracellular environment and the removal of excess ions and neurotransmitters. While astrocytes can participate in the immune response, they are not primarily responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS.

**Option C:** Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell that are responsible for the production and maintenance of myelin, the fatty insulation that surrounds and protects axons in the CNS. They do not play a role in phagocytosis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS, and they play a critical role in maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of the brain and spinal cord. They are activated in response to injury or infection and can produce a wide range of cytokines and chemokines that modulate the immune response.

**Correct Answer: C. Microglia.**