Once phaeochromocytoma is diagnosed, preoperatively following is given
## Core Concept
Phaeochromocytomas are rare tumors of the adrenal glands that produce excess catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. The management of phaeochromocytoma involves controlling blood pressure and heart rate preoperatively to prevent cardiovascular complications during surgery.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is often used preoperatively to control the tachycardia and palpitations associated with the excessive catecholamine release. However, beta-blockers should only be initiated after adequate alpha-blockade has been established to prevent unopposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation, which can worsen hypertension. Alpha-blockers, such as phenoxybenzamine, are typically used first to block the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
* **Option A:** Phenoxybenzamine is an alpha-blocker and is indeed used preoperatively, but the question seems to be looking for a specific sequence or additional management strategy.
* **Option B:** This option seems to be missing, but typically, calcium channel blockers can also be used for blood pressure control in phaeochromocytoma.
* **Option C:** This is the correct answer, which involves the use of **propranolol** after ensuring adequate alpha-blockade.
* **Option D:** This option seems to be missing.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A crucial point to remember is that when managing phaeochromocytoma, **alpha-blockade must be established before initiating beta-blockade** to avoid a potentially severe hypertensive crisis. The classic sequence is to start with an alpha-blocker (like phenoxybenzamine) and then add a beta-blocker (like propranolol) if needed to control tachycardia.
## Correct Answer: C. Propranolol.