Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous is associated with
**Core Concept**
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the failure of the primary vitreous to regress, resulting in abnormal development of the eye. This condition is associated with abnormalities in the formation of the lens, retina, and optic nerve.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
PHPV is often linked to the presence of a persistent hyaloid artery, which is a remnant of the primary vitreous. The hyaloid artery usually atrophies and disappears during fetal development, but in PHPV, it remains patent and can cause traction on the retina and optic nerve, leading to vision loss. The condition is also associated with microphthalmia, cataracts, and retinal detachment.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not relevant to the topic of PHPV.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because PHPV is not primarily associated with retinoblastoma.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because PHPV is not primarily associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
PHPV is a congenital anomaly that can cause significant visual impairment and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with leukocoria (white pupillary reflex).
**Correct Answer: D.**