Peroneal artery is a branch of –
**Core Concept**
The peroneal artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery, which is part of the arterial supply to the lower limb. This artery plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the muscles and skin of the lateral compartment of the leg.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is based on the anatomical branching pattern of the arterial tree in the lower limb. The posterior tibial artery arises from the popliteal artery and gives off several branches, including the peroneal artery, which further divides into the lateral and medial malleolar arteries. The peroneal artery supplies the muscles and skin of the lateral compartment of the leg, including the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as the peroneal artery does not arise from the anterior tibial artery, which primarily supplies the anterior compartment of the leg.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as the fibular artery is actually a branch of the peroneal artery, not the other way around.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as the medial sural cutaneous artery is a branch of the saphenous artery, which arises from the femoral artery.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The peroneal artery is a vital structure for the blood supply of the lateral compartment of the leg, and its injury or compromise can lead to ischemia and potentially severe consequences, including muscle necrosis.
**Correct Answer: D. Posterior tibial artery.**