**Core Concept**
The question is testing the knowledge of a condition that affects the dermal ridge patterns, which are responsible for the formation of fingerprints. This concept is related to the field of dermatoglyphics, which is the study of the patterns on the skin, particularly the fingerprints.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is a condition known as congenital syphilis, which can cause a condition called "Hutchinson's teeth" along with other systemic manifestations. However, the condition that permanently alters the fingerprints is more closely related to another condition. The condition that permanently alters the fingerprints is a congenital condition that affects the development of the dermal ridges. This condition is called **congenital rubella syndrome**. In congenital rubella syndrome, the virus affects the fetal development, leading to various congenital anomalies, including alterations in the dermal ridge patterns, resulting in abnormal fingerprints.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Congenital syphilis can cause various systemic manifestations, but it is not the primary condition that alters the fingerprints permanently.
* **Option B:** This option is not a valid condition that affects the fingerprints.
* **Option D:** This option is not related to the condition that permanently alters the fingerprints.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Congenital rubella syndrome is a preventable condition that can be avoided with proper vaccination during pregnancy. It is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome, which can include heart defects, hearing loss, and intellectual disability, in addition to the alteration of fingerprints.

**Correct Answer:** C.