A newborn developed periventricular leukomalacia following ischemic infarction. What can be the most common sequelae in this child?
**Core Concept**
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of brain injury characterized by necrosis of white matter around the lateral ventricles, often resulting from ischemic infarction in preterm infants. This condition can lead to cerebral palsy and other long-term neurological sequelae.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
PVL is associated with damage to the periventricular white matter, which is rich in oligodendrocytes responsible for myelination. The loss of these cells can disrupt normal neuronal communication, leading to various motor and cognitive impairments. The most common sequelae of PVL include spastic cerebral palsy, characterized by increased muscle tone and stiffness, particularly in the lower limbs.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While hydrocephalus can be a complication of PVL, it is not the most common sequelae.
**Option B:** Seizures may occur in children with PVL, but they are not the primary long-term consequence.
**Option C:** Developmental delay can be a feature of PVL, but it is not as specific or common as spastic cerebral palsy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Children with PVL are at increased risk of developing spastic cerebral palsy, which can manifest as increased muscle tone, stiffness, and impaired motor function. Early identification and intervention are crucial to optimize outcomes and improve quality of life.
**Correct Answer:** C. Spastic cerebral palsy.