**Core Concept**
Peripoal fatty infiltration of the liver refers to the accumulation of fat droplets in the peripoal hepatocytes, which are the liver cells surrounding the central vein. This condition is often associated with metabolic disorders, obesity, and insulin resistance.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The accumulation of fat droplets in the peripoal hepatocytes is due to the increased flux of fatty acids from the bloodstream, which is facilitated by the increased expression of lipoprotein lipase and decreased expression of lipoprotein lipase inhibitors. The peripoal location of fat accumulation is thought to be due to the decreased expression of the enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase, which is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because peripoal fatty infiltration is not typically seen in alcoholic liver disease, which is characterized by macrovesicular steatosis in the pericentral hepatocytes.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broader category that encompasses both peripoal and macrovesicular steatosis, but it is not the most specific answer choice.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the bile ducts and is not typically associated with peripoal fatty infiltration.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's worth noting that peripoal fatty infiltration is often seen in conjunction with other features of metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for metabolic syndrome should be maintained in patients with peripoal fatty infiltration.

**Correct Answer: D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)**