Disease associated with early-onset periodontitis, due to deficiency of catalase enzyme is known as:
**Core Concept**
Early-onset periodontitis is a type of periodontal disease characterized by rapid destruction of periodontal tissue in young individuals, often before the age of 30. The disease is associated with an enzymatic deficiency that affects the body's ability to neutralize oxidative stress.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with a deficiency of catalase enzyme, which is a key antioxidant enzyme responsible for converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. In the oral cavity, catalase helps protect against oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of H2O2, a byproduct of bacterial metabolism. Without sufficient catalase activity, the periodontal tissue is more susceptible to damage from free radicals, leading to early-onset periodontitis. This condition is often seen in individuals with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a genetic disorder that affects the production of NADPH oxidase, a critical enzyme for the production of superoxides.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not a correct association with early-onset periodontitis. **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it is associated with another type of periodontal disease. **Option D:** This option is not related to catalase deficiency or early-onset periodontitis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the immune system's ability to kill certain bacteria and fungi, leading to recurrent infections and tissue damage. Patients with CGD are at increased risk of developing early-onset periodontitis due to their impaired antioxidant defenses.
**Correct Answer: C. Acatalasia. Acatalasia is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the catalase enzyme, which leads to an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the body and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, resulting in early-onset periodontitis.**