**Core Concept**
Pasteurization is a process used to inactivate pathogens and extend the shelf life of milk by applying heat for a short period. This process targets the vegetative forms of bacteria, including spores, which can be resistant to heat.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the fact that pasteurization targets the vegetative forms of bacteria, including spores, which can be resistant to heat. However, not all bacterial forms are affected by pasteurization. Specifically, **Bacillus cereus** spores, which are a type of psychrotrophic bacteria, are highly resistant to heat and can survive pasteurization. This is because the spores have a heat-resistant endospore coat that protects them from the heat.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While many pathogens are killed by pasteurization, this option is too vague and does not specify a particular type of bacteria that survives pasteurization.
**Option B:** This option might seem plausible, but it is not the correct answer. **Bacillus cereus** spores are indeed resistant to heat, but this is not the only type of bacteria that can survive pasteurization.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because pasteurization does target the vegetative forms of bacteria, including spores, which can be resistant to heat.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that pasteurization does not eliminate all types of bacteria, including spores, which can be resistant to heat. This is why it's crucial to follow proper handling and storage procedures for milk to prevent contamination.

**Correct Answer: D. Bacillus cereus**