A 35-year-old female presented to the medicine OPD with paresthesias and weakness of B/L lower limbs with a band like sensation of tightness around the torso along with painful loss of vision in both eyes along with diplopia and periorbital pain. There is a history of similar attacks in the past with period of normalcy in between O/E, Ataxia- present Papillitis (on fundus examination) Facial myokymia Bladder incontinence and constipation CSF studies revealed mononuclear cell pleocytosis along with increased IgG. Which of the following are the oral drugs approved for the above condition: – 1. Fingolimod 2. Natalizumab 3. Teriflunomide 4. Glatiramer acetate
A 35-year-old female presented to the medicine OPD with paresthesias and weakness of B/L lower limbs with a band like sensation of tightness around the torso along with painful loss of vision in both eyes along with diplopia and periorbital pain. There is a history of similar attacks in the past with period of normalcy in between O/E, Ataxia- present Papillitis (on fundus examination) Facial myokymia Bladder incontinence and constipation CSF studies revealed mononuclear cell pleocytosis along with increased IgG. Which of the following are the oral drugs approved for the above condition: – 1. Fingolimod 2. Natalizumab 3. Teriflunomide 4. Glatiramer acetate
π‘ Explanation
## **Core Concept**
The patient's symptoms, including paresthesias, weakness, band-like sensation of tightness around the torso, painful loss of vision, diplopia, periorbital pain, ataxia, papillitis, facial myokymia, bladder incontinence, and constipation, along with CSF studies showing mononuclear cell pleocytosis and increased IgG, are indicative of **Multiple Sclerosis (MS)**. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS).
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The condition described is Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the CNS. The symptoms and CSF findings are classic for MS. The oral drugs approved for MS include:
- **Fingolimod**: A sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that reduces lymphocyte circulation into the CNS.
- **Teriflunomide**: An inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which affects lymphocyte proliferation.
- **Glatiramer acetate**: A synthetic polymer that is thought to act as an immunomodulator.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option B: Natalizumab** is incorrect because, although it is used for MS, it is administered via intravenous infusion, not orally. It is a monoclonal antibody against integrin Ξ±4Ξ²1.
- The question specifically asks for oral drugs.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that for MS, the treatment options have expanded to include oral medications like **Fingolimod**, **Teriflunomide**, and **Glatiramer acetate** (though Glatiramer acetate is typically administered via injection, not orally, making it less likely to be the best answer here). MS treatments aim to reduce relapse rates, delay progression, and manage symptoms.
## **Correct Answer:** B. 1, 3, 4
β Correct Answer: B. Both 1 and 3
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