**Core Concept**
Parathyroid hyperplasia is a condition characterized by the excessive proliferation of parathyroid cells, leading to an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This results in hyperparathyroidism, which can cause a range of symptoms, including hypercalcemia, bone resorption, and renal impairment.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The primary treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia is surgical, specifically subtotal parathyroidectomy. This involves the removal of 3 1/2 glands, leaving a small amount of parathyroid tissue to ensure adequate PTH production. This procedure is effective in reducing PTH levels and alleviating symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. The remaining parathyroid tissue will eventually hypertrophy to compensate for the loss of the other glands.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Phosphate binders are used in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, which can be a complication of hyperparathyroidism, but they do not address the underlying cause of the disease.

**Option B:** Calcitonin is a hormone that helps to lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing calcium excretion in the urine. However, it is not a primary treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia.

**Option D:** Enlarged glands to be removed is incorrect because it is not a specific or accurate description of the surgical treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In cases of parathyroid hyperplasia, the goal of surgery is to remove enough parathyroid tissue to reduce PTH levels while leaving enough tissue to ensure adequate hormone production. The "3 1/2 gland" procedure is a classic example of this approach.

**✓ Correct Answer: C. Removal of 3 1/2 glands**