1729. A 28 yr old female presented with malaise and generalised weakness since 6 month. Her appetite Is reduced and she has giddiness and palpitations on and off. There was no organomegaly. Laboratory Study showed normochromic to hypochromic anaemia and MCV-80. What Is the diagnosis
**Core Concept**
Iron deficiency anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the production of hemoglobin due to insufficient iron availability. This leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells, resulting in inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The patient's symptoms of malaise, general weakness, reduced appetite, and palpitations are consistent with iron deficiency anemia. The laboratory findings of normochromic to hypochromic anemia and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 80 further support this diagnosis. In iron deficiency anemia, the body's reduced iron stores impair the production of hemoglobin, leading to the formation of smaller, paler red blood cells. The reduced hemoglobin content results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, causing the patient's symptoms. The small size of the red blood cells (microcytosis) is reflected in the low MCV.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Thalassemia minor is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production, leading to microcytic anemia. However, it typically presents in childhood or adolescence, and the MCV is often lower than 80.
**Option C:** Chronic malaria can cause anemia, but it typically presents with a normochromic, normocytic anemia or a bicytopenia (reduction in two blood cell lines). The MCV is usually within the normal range.
**Option D:** Folate deficiency can cause macrocytic anemia, characterized by an elevated MCV, which is not consistent with the patient's laboratory findings.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When evaluating a patient with microcytic anemia, it is essential to consider iron deficiency as a primary cause. A low serum iron level, reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and a low transferrin saturation percentage are key diagnostic indicators.
**✓ Correct Answer: B. Iron deficiency anaemia**