In a CA lung patient is suffering from dyspnoea, the palliation of dyspnoea is achieved by
**Core Concept**
The palliation of dyspnea in a cancer patient involves the use of opioids, which act on the central nervous system to reduce the sensation of breathlessness. This is achieved through the activation of opioid receptors in the brain, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the respiratory rate and an increase in the depth of breathing.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Morphine, when administered through a patch, releases a steady amount of the drug into the bloodstream, providing sustained pain relief and reducing the sensation of dyspnea. This is because morphine acts on the μ-opioid receptors in the brain, which are responsible for the transmission of pain signals. By activating these receptors, morphine reduces the transmission of pain signals to the brain, resulting in a decrease in the sensation of dyspnea. This mechanism is particularly useful in cancer patients, where the pain and discomfort associated with dyspnea can be debilitating.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that acts on the GABA receptors in the brain, producing sedative and anxiolytic effects. While it may provide some relief from anxiety associated with dyspnea, it does not directly address the sensation of breathlessness.
**Option C:** Clobazam is a benzodiazepine that is similar to diazepam in its mechanism of action. It is primarily used to treat anxiety and seizure disorders, and is not effective in palliating dyspnea.
**Option D:** Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication that acts on the dopamine receptors in the brain. It is primarily used to treat psychosis and schizophrenia, and is not effective in palliating dyspnea.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that opioids should be used judiciously in cancer patients, as they can have significant side effects, including respiratory depression. Therefore, it's crucial to monitor patients closely when using opioids for palliation, and to adjust the dosage as needed to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
**✓ Correct Answer: A. Morphine patch. Morphine patch releases a steady amount of the drug into the bloodstream, providing sustained pain relief and reducing the sensation of dyspnea.**