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187191 Surgery

A 4-month-old infant has undergone surgical treatment for meningomyeloencephalocele. At bih, an operation was carried out in the posterior cranial fossa to paially replace brain cerebellar contents to an intracranial position. In investigations for progressive hydrocephalus, it is noted that there is herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, and a diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari syndrome is established. This syndrome may also include which of the following?

AFusion of the frontal lobes
BFusion of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
CAbnormal elongation of the medulla and lower cranial nerves
DPaial or complete absence of the pituitary gland
Surgery
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