**Core Concept**
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. It occurs when there is an excessive response to gonadotropin stimulation, leading to enlarged ovaries and fluid accumulation in the body.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
OHSS is more common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS are more sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation and have an increased risk of developing OHSS. Another risk factor is the use of high doses of gonadotropins, which can lead to excessive ovarian stimulation.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Ovarian cysts are not directly associated with an increased risk of OHSS. While ovarian cysts can occur in women undergoing IVF treatment, they are not a risk factor for OHSS.

**Option B:** Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is actually associated with an increased risk of OHSS, making it the opposite of the correct answer.

**Option C:** High doses of gonadotropins are a well-known risk factor for OHSS, as they can lead to excessive ovarian stimulation.

**Option D:** Women with a history of OHSS are at increased risk of developing the condition again, making this option incorrect.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Women with PCOS are at increased risk of OHSS due to their hypersensitivity to gonadotropin stimulation. This is a critical consideration when prescribing gonadotropins for ovulation induction or IVF treatment.

**Correct Answer:** A. Ovarian cysts are not directly associated with an increased risk of OHSS.