**Core Concept**
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are two types of adverse effects associated with certain medications, particularly those used in the treatment of infections and cancer. These effects are related to the damage caused by these medications to the inner ear (ototoxicity) and the kidneys (nephrotoxicity).

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers, including ovarian, testicular, lung, and stomach cancers. Cisplatin works by forming platinum-DNA adducts, which interfere with DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell death. However, this mechanism of action also results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage the inner ear and kidneys, causing ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that can cause nephrotoxicity, but they are not primarily associated with ototoxicity.

**Option B:** Vancomycin is an antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity, but it is not typically associated with ototoxicity.

**Option C:** Cisplatin is the correct answer.

**Option D:** Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent that can cause pulmonary toxicity, but it is not primarily associated with ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is more common in patients with pre-existing hearing loss, and it can be prevented or mitigated with the use of hearing protection devices and other preventive measures.

**Correct Answer:** C. Cisplatin.